Followers

Monday, June 22, 2015

Proof

Pramāṇa (Sanskrit: प्रमाण, Pramāṇas) literally means "proof" and "means of knowledge".

  1. Pratyakṣa (perception), 
  2. Anumāṇa (inference), 
  3. Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), 
  4. Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), 
  5. Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and 
  6. Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).
Believer
  1. Carvaka school holds that only one (perception) is a reliable source of knowledge,
  2. Buddhism holds two (perception, inference) are valid means,
  3. Jainism holds three (perception, inference and testimony),
  4. Nyaya school holds Pratyakṣa(perception), Anumāṇa (inference), Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).
  5. while Mimamsa and Advaita Vedanta schools hold all six are useful and can be reliable means to knowledge

Slides

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